The tree philodendron (Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum), previously classified under the genus Philodendron, is an architectural evergreen shrub native to the tropical and subtropical forests of South America. It is celebrated for its huge, deeply lobed leaves of a glossy deep green that emerge in an outward arching crown from a sturdy central trunk. As older fronds shed naturally, they leave behind striking, eye-like scars on the woody stem.
Over time, the plant develops prominent aerial roots that anchor it to the forest floor and capture ambient humidity. Outdoors in frost-free regions, it can expand into a dramatic specimen several meters wide, but it also performs exceptionally well in large containers indoors. Its bold, prehistoric silhouette makes it a favorite accent plant for bright, spacious living rooms and patios alike.
Cultivating this vigorous species is straightforward, as it tolerates minor lapses in care better than many delicate tropicals. Provided it receives ample indirect light, consistent warmth, and well-draining potting soil, your tree philodendron will thrive and retain its lush foliage for many years.
Did you know?As older foliage sheds from the central trunk, it leaves behind distinctive eye-shaped leaf scars that give the trunk an unusual patterned texture.
Care
- Watering
- Water thoroughly when the top three to five centimeters of potting mix feel dry to the touch. This typically translates to once a week in spring and summer, decreasing to every ten to fourteen days during winter. Always empty runoff from drip trays to protect the roots.
- Light
- Provide bright, indirect sunlight or dappled light throughout the day to preserve tight, vigorous growth. It can handle gentle morning sun, but harsh midday rays will scorch and disfigure the delicate leaf lobes.
- Temperature
- Keep temperatures between 18 °C and 26 °C for steady and healthy development. It withstands brief dips down to 10 °C, but prolonged cold exposure or frost will rapidly damage the foliage.
- Soil
- Use an airy, chunky, and well-draining potting mix rich in organic material. Blending regular potting soil with equal parts orchid bark, perlite, and peat moss or coco coir produces optimal aeration.
- Fertilizer
- Feed monthly during spring and summer with a balanced liquid houseplant fertilizer diluted to half strength. Pause fertilization in autumn and winter when active vegetative growth slows down.
- Pruning
- No shaping cuts are required; simply prune spent or yellowing bottom leaves close to the main trunk using clean, sharp bypass pruners. Aerial roots can be gently guided into the soil mix or trimmed back flush if they become unruly.
- Propagation
- Propagate during spring by separating rooted offshoots that emerge naturally around the base of mature stems. Stem cuttings possessing at least one visible node and aerial root nub can also be rooted in warm, moist substrate.
Is Tree philodendron toxic to cats and dogs?
Yes. According to the ASPCA, it is toxic to cats and dogs.
- Cats
- Toxic
- Dogs
- Toxic
Usual signs: Oral irritation, pain and swelling of the mouth, tongue, and lips, excessive drooling, vomiting, and difficulty swallowing.
If your pet has chewed it and shows symptoms, call your vet or the nearest emergency vet.
Source: ASPCA Animal Poison Control
Common problems
- Root rot
- Overwatering
- Mealybugs and scale
- Spider mites
- Cold damage
Frequently asked questions
Why are the lower leaves of my tree philodendron turning yellow?
Occasional yellowing of bottom leaves is simply natural aging as the plant sheds older foliage to form its trunk. If multiple leaves turn yellow simultaneously and stems soften, overwatering and soggy root conditions are almost always responsible.
Can I cut off the aerial roots?
Yes, you can trim unruly aerial roots using clean, sterile shears without harming the plant's overall health. However, directing them down into the soil is beneficial, as they will establish root systems and provide extra structural support.
Why don't the new leaves have deep splits or lobes?
Juvenile leaves naturally emerge solid with smooth margins and only develop pronounced lobes as the plant matures. If an established plant produces smaller, unlobed leaves, it typically signals insufficient natural light.
How often does this plant need repotting?
Plan to repot every two years into a container five to seven centimeters wider to accommodate its vigorous root system. Use sturdy, heavy pots such as ceramic or terracotta so the heavy canopy does not topple over.
Growing Tree philodendron at home?
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